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Sydenham Hill Wood is a nine-hectare wood on the northern slopes of the Norwood Ridge in the London Borough of Southwark, and is an important wildlife site. With the adjacent Dulwich Wood, Sydenham Hill Wood is the largest extant tract of the ancient〔The Great North Wood - A brief history of ancient woodlands from Selhurst to Deptford by LSC Neville, London Wildlife Trust, 1987〕 Great North Wood.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Sydenham Hill Wood & Cox's Walk )〕 The two woods were separated after the relocation of The Crystal Palace in 1854 and the creation of the high level line in 1865.〔Based on post by local historian Steve Grindlay to (Sydenham Town Forum ) Topic: Old Sydenham Hill〕 The land is owned by the Dulwich Estate, leased to Southwark Council and managed by London Wildlife Trust.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sydenham Hill Wood )〕 Sydenham Hill Wood and Fern Bank are a Local Nature Reserve.〔 In 1997 Sydenham Hill Wood was given the UK-MAB Urban Wildlife Award for Excellence.〔(MaB Urban Forum )〕 There are conservation workdays and wildlife events. == History == The oak-lined formal avenue, known as Cox's Walk, leading from the junction of Dulwich Common and Lordship Lane was cut soon after 1732 by Francis Cox to connect his Green Man Tavern and Dulwich Wells with the more popular Sydenham Wells.〔From the Nun's Head to the Screaming Alice by Mathew Frith, The Friends of the Great North Wood, 1995〕 When the poet Thomas Campbell lived in Sydenham (between 1805 and 1822) he visited his friend Dr Glennie, in Dulwich Grove.〔("Thomas Campbell" in ''A Book of Memories: Great Men and Women of the Age, from Personal Acquaintance'' (1871) pages 345-58 ) by Samuel Carter Hall〕 After the relocation of the Crystal Palace in 1854, the Dulwich Estate made plots along Sydenham Hill available on long leases, and a series of large houses was built. Between the junction with Crescent Wood Road and Cox's Walk there were seven houses. One of the largest was The Hoo, standing almost opposite the present 36 Sydenham Hill.〔〔From a search for "The Hoo, Sydenham Hill" on (Google Books )〕 The folly was in the former grounds of ''Fairwood'' at 53 Sydenham Hill; the house was first occupied by Alderman David Henry Stone.〔(Ye parish of Camerwell : a brief account of the parish of Camberwell : its history and antiquities ) by William Harnett Blanch, page 407〕 Stone commissioned James Pulham & Son to build the folly.〔(History of Beechgrove, Sydenham Hill ) and (Pulhamite in Sydenham ) by Steve Grindlay〕〔(Durability Guaranteed - Pulhamite Rockwork ) by Camilla Beresford and David Mason, English Heritage 2008〕 Incised lines simulating stonework on the folly's arch resemble those on the bridge in Buckingham Palace Gardens. The Pulham catalogue indicates that the firm of James Pulham and Son worked extensively in the Sydenham/Dulwich area in the 1870s. In the grounds in front of Kingswood House, there are remains of features in Pulhamite.〔Great Credit upon the Ingenuity and Taste of Mr. Pulham by Sally Festing, Garden History, Vol. 16, No. 1. (Spring, 1988), pp. 90-102〕 The Crystal Palace and South London Junction Railway〔London Chatham And Dover Railway(Metropolitan Extensions) (Act ) of 17 July 1862〕 went through Sydenham Hill Wood, the Dulwich College estate and two tunnels, terminating at the west of the Crystal Palace. It opened on 1 August 1865.〔〔(Disused Stations in the UK ) Lordship Lane page〕 In 1871, Camille Pissarro painted the view down the tracks to Lordship Lane from the wood and brick bridge on Cox's Walk. The image, of a train billowing steam, grasps the optimism of the Industrial Revolution. In 1908 the footbridge was renewed in teak and iron to the same design as the original.〔 The fortunes of the railway waned with those of the Crystal Palace, declining after the Crystal Palace burned down in 1936. It closed during the war, and the post-war re-opening was unsuccessful; the last service ran in 1954. The track was lifted in 1956 and the terminus demolished in 1961.〔〔From a reminiscence by Kenny B about Sydenham Hill on (Sydenham Town Forum )〕 In 1983, Southwark Council leased the Wood to the London Wildlife Trust to manage as a nature reserve.〔''South London Press'', 9 September 1983〕 In 1984 Southwark Council’s Mid/South Southwark Local Plan included proposals for blocks of up to 146 flats on the top part of the Wood.〔''City Wildspace'' by Bob Smyth (Hilary Shipman 1987)〕 London Wildlife Trust's Southwark Wildlife Group ran a "Save the Woods" campaign backed by West Lewisham MP John Maples and other local MPs.〔''South London Press'', 30 November 1983〕 Dulwich MP Gerald Bowden asked the Secretary of State for the Environment to intervene.〔''The Times'', 4 December 1983, article by David Nicholson-Lord〕 A full-page Evening Standard article set the scene for a New Year public inquiry into the Plan.〔''Evening Standard'', December 20, 1984, article by Tom Pocock〕 The January inquiry heard evidence from a dozen ecologists on the Wood's wildlife diversity, other witnesses describing the Wood’s educational and amenity value, visited the site and listened to views from several hundred members of the public at an evening meeting at Kingswood House.〔''Country Life'', 24 January 1985〕〔''Time Out'', 31 January 1985〕〔''The Times'', 2 February 1985〕 Southwark MP Simon Hughes spoke in favour of saving the wood in the House of Commons.〔''Hansard'', 8 February 1985. "In the borough of Southwark, part of which is in my constituency, Sydenham Hill Wood, one of the remaining very old woodlands in the south of England, is under threat. There is a very strong lobby against its destruction by the London Wildlife Trust. But it is primarily the local people who are fighting by means of a public inquiry to protect that wood."〕 Further, Dulwich College Estates applied for planning permission to build 36 flats on the site of Beechgrove House.〔''South London Press'', 19 May 1985〕 In July, the Local Plan inspector reported that most of the Wood should be protected from development.〔''South London Press'', 7 July 1985; ''The Guardian'', July 1985〕 The written report was published in the same week that Southwark Council’s planning committee rejected the Beechgrove application.〔''South London Press'', August 1985〕 In advance of a public inquiry into the Beechgrove plans held in November 1986, Gerald Bowden MP said: "I’ve never had quite such a wide range of ordinary people writing to me on one subject. There is very broad opposition to the flats."〔''South London Press'', 11 November 1986〕 The inspector's decision against the plan was hailed as "Wood reprieve a policy precedent."〔''The Times'', 23 February 1987, article by David Nicholson-Lord〕 "The need to preserve areas of existing natural woodland within the urban areas is of as much importance in preserving our heritage and improving the quality of the environment as that of preserving the countryside," the inspector said.〔''City Wildspace'' by Bob Smyth (Hilary Shipman, 1987)〕 In 1988 there were still many wild rhododendrons, a lone monkey puzzle, the remains of a formal pool near the cedar of Lebanon, fragments of Pulhamite ornaments and the folly.〔 The trackbed was partly built on, but elsewhere it has reverted to nature.〔 Part of the route adjacent to the Horniman Museum and Gardens is now a "Railway Nature Trail", maintained for the museum by the Trust for Urban Ecology. In Sydenham Hill Wood, its path can be followed from the footbridge on Cox's Walk to the entrance of the Crescent Wood tunnel. The tunnel emerges again in the north west corner of Wells Park. On the western edge there is a small stream in the woods called the Ambrook, formerly a tributary of the River Effra. From here it flows across the golf course, then alongside Cox's Walk, under Dulwich Common and into the lake in Dulwich Park. In wet weather it rises above the drains and flows along the road around Dulwich Park by Frank Dixon Way.〔(Walking the River Effra )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sydenham Hill Wood」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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